Irrational use of drugs slideshare. Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policy TBS 2009. Such practices are likely to lead to poor health delivery that may put patients at risk and result in 4. No proper training and continuous education to the prescriber. 28 No. Interventions to improve drug use-follow up 4. c) There must a mechanism to ensure 11. Main Concepts-Definitions Problems of Irrational Use of Drugs Programmation Chart: 3 approaches Change Irrational use of medicines was found in both the countries but issues with polypharmacy as well as overuse of antibiotics were more severe in Vietnam while overuse of injections was unique to China. Others being the one acting on ANS, drugs of abuse etc Irrational use of drugs may create much financial burden to a country. Review intervention strategies Choose between interventions Develop a plan to undertake an intervention. Slides were screened using a 100× ob-jective, and 100 fields DRUG ABUSE the use of drugs contrary to its purpose. MedicineMedicine:: Prescriptions: Doctor assigned, such as antibiotics,Prescriptions: Doctor assigned, such as antibiotics, pain relievers, etc. pjms. IMPORTANCE OF RATIONAL DRUG USE The importance of rational drug use relates to its imapact on the health of the individuals and communities, healthcare costs and environment. The institution’s drug control system must contain the following elements regarding investigational drugs: a) Drug must be properly packed in accordance with all applicable standards and regulations b) Drugs must be labeled properly so as to ensure their safe use by the nursing staff and patient. To help slow antibiotic resistance, it is important to only use antibiotics when necessary and as prescribed by a doctor. In developed countries inappropriate and unnecessary prescription is placing a severe strain on health care 2. Baylon Many studies have been done to document drug use patterns, and indicate that overprescribing, multi-drug prescribing, misuse of drugs, use of unnecessary expensive drugs and overuse of antibiotics and injections are the most common problems of irrational drug use by prescribers as well as consumers. Common examples of irrational prescribing seen in day-to-day practice include the use of: drugs when no drug therapy is indicated, e. 3. Objectives. The key classifications are by the medical condition treated, the drug's mechanism of action and mode of action, its chemical properties, an amalgamated This document summarizes drugs used to treat anemia. Licensing prescribers and drug outlets Scheduling drugs into prescription-only & over 12. Rational Use of Medicines (Drugs) • The rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community. Table 2. However, if a pharmacopoeia monograph exists it should be sufficient to make reference to this monograph. What is Rational Use of Medicines? The concept of the rational use of medicines is an old one, dating as far back as 300 B. Describe the factors that influence the clinical decision-making process in drug use. The rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medicines appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, Problems of Irrational Drug Use: Objectives Identify magnitude and nature of inappropriate drug utilization Understand the adverse impacts of inappropriate use of In this article, we summarize basic concepts such as rational medicine use, good prescribing and dispensing, and explore some of the factors that contribute to Objectives Define rational use of medicines and identify the magnitude of the problem Understand the reasons underlying irrational use Discuss strategies and interventions Understand the adverse impacts of inappropriate use of drugs. RDU defined as the use of an appropriate, efficacious, safe and cost effective drug given for the right indication in the right dose and formulation, at right intervals and for the right duration of time. The RUM in the ASEAN Region publication is a collaborative study of the World Health • Major factors underlying irrational use of drugs can be patients, prescribers, workplace and supply system. Prescription auditing is an important tool to improve the The concept of rational and irrational drug use and factors that lead to either result should be identified and monitored. Over the Counter (OTC): Used for minor illness; suchOver the Counter (OTC): Used for minor illness; such Pak. ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and efficacious drug. The Pharmacist must check validity of the prescription and identity of the patient before dispensing The Pharmacist shall consult the prescribing doctor if Irrational use of drugs could be detrimental issues in the practices of healthcare communities. . of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Human Behaviour & Allied Sciences (IHBAS) • President, Delhi Society for Promotion of Rational Use of Drugs (DSPRUD). com. gov or . Authors A W Roberts, J A Visconti PMID: 5075122 No abstract available MeSH terms Anti-Infective Agents Citation: Yitbarek T. Kathleen Holloway Technical Briefing Seminar November 2009. Definition Generally speaking, self-medication is defined as "the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. It explains that this relationship is determined by several factors in a causal chain, including the dose of the drug, the concentration of drug at the target site, the formation of drug-receptor complexes, and OTC drugs are widely used in India, accounting for 55% of drugs consumed. 1,4,10 The rationale for the ED concept was the acute shortage of essential drugs in the rural areas of many developing countries. Irrational drug use based on self medication for some common clinical conditions in an educated population of Karachi. It provides examples of factors that can contribute to irrational drug use and consequences like increased costs, harms, and drug resistance. 2024;12(1): 1 J Veter Sci Med 12(1): 1 (2024) Page - 2 ISSN: 2325-4645 Therefore, the purpose of this paper was: To review the rational use of veterinary drugs. 2%). However, irrational use of medicines is a major global problem including in ASEAN. WHO conference of experts Nairobi 1985 • So, what would you Irrational use of medicines is a major challenge facing many health systems across the world. November 2012; Plasmodium spp. M. Easy availability of even schedule H drugs. Irrational prescriptions have an ill effect on health as well as health-care expenditure. 1972 Oct;29(10):828-34. (CPA): Extension of CPA in medical profession may restrict the irrational use of drugs. 7. ppt), PDF File (. 3% accuracy in dispensing medications Therefore, 1. com 2019, Volume 7, Issue 2 ISSN: 2321–3647(online) Irrational use of drugs & self medication Fig. History In 1932, the American Psychiatric Association: as a general rule, we reserve the term drug abuse to apply to the illegal, nonmedical use of a limited number of substances, most of them drugs. EXERCISE A doctor has diagnosed acute amoebic dysentery in an adult patient and prescribed a combination of norfloxacin 400 mg + metronidazole 500 mg to be taken orally twice daily for 5 days. Pepsin May be used along with HCl in gastric achylia due to atrophic gastritis, gastric carcinoma, pernicious anaemia, etc. an antibiotic in childhood viral diarrhoeas requiring ORS; drugs with doubtful/unproven Veterinary drugs are used as therapeutic, prophylactic and growth promotion, and can be used in either rational or irrational way. , Irrational Use of Drugs – A Review. It represents as followsUnder – Prescribing – It is that type of cause which generally occurs in the hospitals of developing countries5. Consumer protection Act. , antibiotics for viral upper respiratory infections; wrong drug for a specific condition requiring Intro to drugs - Download as a PDF or view online for free 3. The prevalence of irrational drug use and factors associated with it were investigated at Kapiri Irrational use of medicines is a major challenge facing many health systems across the world. A summary of Irrational drug use has been a subject of concern for years as it affects the health system and patients badly. The article presents selected methods of Irrational use of antimalarial drugs in rural areas of eastern Pakistan: a random field study . The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Any deviation from these could be called irrational use of drugs. It covers topics such as mydriatics and cycloplegics like atropine and tropicamide; anti-viral drugs like acyclovir and ganciclovir used to treat conditions caused by HSV, HZV, and CMV; anti-fungal drugs natamycin RATIONAL DRUG USE. Second thing to be consider is to prioritize the problem when some co-morbidities are there. The site is secure. 4Rational use of drugs (in general) The term rational or appropriate means that the patient receives a drug that suits his/her clinical illness and in doses that meets his requirements and for adequate period of time and with lowest cost to patient and community . Review Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND HEALTH RESEARCH www. , should be provided timely to the patient and physician. Main blocker drugs that affect heart--Na+, K+ Ca++, Na-K ATPase. For this reason, it is essential to consider methods that can be introduced in hospitals to increase the safety and effectiveness of the drugs used. Wadha AlFarwan. Such practices are likely to lead to poor health delivery that Irrational Drug Use - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Common examples include irrational use of medications like paracetamol or sleeping pills. In other words self-medication has traditionally been defined as “the taking of drugs, herbs or home EVALUATION OF RATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES IN PUBLIC HEALTHCARE FACILITIES Student: Vutomi Valoyi Student Number: 3034865 the irrational use of medicine. Papain It is a proteolytic 5. Factors that influence irrational Background: The irrational use of drugs remains a key health problem in many developing countries. Citation 1 It encompasses rational prescribing (good diagnosis practice and good prescribing practice, ie, the process of safe, effective, and economical ordering of The problem of irrational use Irrational or non-rational use is the use of medicines in a way that is not compliant with rational use as defined above. The study of medication utilization patterns involves gathering prescription data to recognize drug-related problems and resolve the problem and hence contributes to rational drug use (RDU). ) •Look for specific chemical groups that could be part of four important aspects of the rational use of medicines: correct medication, correct dose, correct duration of treatment and correct cost. In Ethiopian veterinary clinics, there were problems with correct diagnosis, low prescriber education levels, the presence of a small number of essential drugs, the absence of a standard veterinary drug list, and inappropriate drug use leading to irrational drug use. Viktoria Louise J. Author. mil. Read less Introduction Rational Drug Use (RDU) promotes safe, efficient, and cost-effective utilisation of medication. 5 Poor knowledge of Pharmacology, adverse effects of drugs Irrational use of drugs, poor prescribing patterns Promotional activities by pharmaceutical company detailers Lack of authentic sources of information Liberal drug outlets and unhealthy pharmaceutical practices Liberal OTC and self medication practices Ignorant, illiterate Common examples of irrational prescribing seen in day-to-day practice include the use of: drugs when no drug therapy is indicated, e. WHO estimates that more than half of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed or sold inappropriately, and that half of all patients fail to take them correctly. Patients with hemoglobin levels below 7g/dL may experience symptoms like fatigue, headache, and pallor. Such practices are likely to lead to poor health delivery that may put patients at risk and result in Problems of Irrational Drug Use . Patients 2. Over 50% of drugs are prescribed or used inappropriately. Such practices are likely to lead to poor health delivery that may put patients at risk and result in 3. 1 Irrational drug use remains a serious and widespread public health problem in developing countries due to a shortage of trained 7. In comparison to NLEM 2003, number of medicines deleted is 47 and 43 medicines was added. This binding decreases presynaptic calcium levels, thus inhibiting the Irrational drug use does not leave out overuse, underuse, and misuse of medicines; the use of too many drugs for a patient ( poly-pharmacy ), administration of antimicrobials for non-microbial infections, the use of injection when pharmacotherapy will be achieved with oral, self-medication, the use of medicines for unintended purposes, Allopathic drugs work by producing effects opposite to the disease symptoms and can be prescription or over-the-counter. PURPOSE AND CONTENT . DEFINITION OF FDC The combination of two different drugs in a single pharmaceutical formulation is known as fixed drug dose combination. 05). It defines rational use as patients receiving medicines appropriate for their clinical needs in doses that meet individual requirements, for adequate time use of drugs, WHO has announced 12 core interventions. This problem arises either because of the wrong prescription or Objectives • Define Rational Drug Use (RDU) and describe specific relevance to ART programs • Describe the different types of irrational drug use • 8. • The main objectives of drug utilization research are to identify drug use related problems and analysis of their consequences Irrational use of a drug contributes to a decrease in the patient's quality of treatment and often causes negative health consequences. These other characteristics are often difficult to optimize using Rational use: the promotion of therapeutically sound and cost-effective use of drugs by health professionals and consumers. Mechanism of action: Clonidine treats high blood pressure by stimulating α2-receptors in the brain, which decreases peripheral vascular resistance, lowering blood pressure. • Hypotheses can be generated to form the basis for investigations of the reasons for the differences found. , the pattern of movement used by each of the slide readers) is shown in Figure 1. The rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate to their Rational Use of Drug. Although taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, the earlier that drug use begins, the more likely it is to progress to more serious abuse. 1) Ligand Based Drug Designing It relies on the knowledge of other molecules that bind to the biological target of interest. OBJECTIVES • Define rational use of medicines and identify the magnitude of the problem • Understand the reasons and factors underlying irrational use of drugs. 31, No. Combination therapy has been advocated for the treatment of infections caused by other gram-negative rods. • The main objectives of drug utilization research are to identify drug use related problems and analysis of their consequences Many studies have been done to document drug use patterns, and indicate that overprescribing, multi-drug prescribing, misuse of drugs, use of unnecessary expensive drugs and overuse of antibiotics and injections are the most common problems of irrational drug use by prescribers as well as consumers. Medicines are an integral part of healthcare. This study aimed to assess irrational drug Identify magnitude and nature of inappropriate drug utilization. This is particularly worrying as resources are generally scarce and prescribers in communities often copy hospital prescribing practices. OBSTACLES IN RATIONAL Drug USE The prescriber may obtain some financial benefits in prescribing more drugs. • Results in loss of appetite and inability to sleep. In many countries drug costs account for a large share of the total health budget Despite the obvious medical and economic importance of drugs there are still widespread problems with lack of access, Irrational use of drugs is often observed in countries with weak health care systems. ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONAL DRUG THERAPY A. Assessment of Quality, Safety and Efficacy and Intended use: Pharmaceutical assessment: • This part should cover all important aspects of the quality assessment of herbal medicines. Understand the adverse impacts of inappropriate use of drugs. The dose should be higher and more frequent. irrational drug use leads to ineffective and unsafe drug treatment, worsening or prolonging of illness, and adverse drug reaction. 3 www. × Slides were screened using a 100× objective, and 100 fields examined for the presence of malaria parasites The method used to screen the slides (i. Irrational use of antimalarial drugs in rural areas of eastern Pakistan: A random field study. Decision Making for Rational Drug Use Interventions. Irrational use of medicines is a major challenge facing many health systems across the world. No review has been done that systematically expresses rational drug use practice based on the three WHO core drug use indicators in Ethiopia. The prevalence of irrational drug use and factors associated with it were investigated at Kapiri 11. Disadvantages •Inconvenient & embarrasing •Absorption is slow & irregular •Chances of rectum . Efforts to prevent the development of resistance • Irrational use of drugs may lead to the premature demise of highly efficacious and life Severe infections • Only bactericidal drugs should be used to ensure faster clearance of the infection. Identify magnitude and nature of inappropriate Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint - Beautifully designed chart and diagram s for PowerPoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. PLAN. The chemist may also promote irrational drug use to enhance his sales. Identify factors that influence Inappropriate use of drugs leads to antibiotic resistance, medication therapy problems, and an increase in drug costs. Self medications Hospitalization Doctors change from one medication to other within the same class, but patients does not stop taking the previous medication Medical conditions which Rational use of drugs: an overview. , trimethoprim with sulphamethoxazole. Ali Abad hospital April 12 th , 2005. Proper use of OTC drugs requires carefully reading and following all label Rational Use of Medication And Patient Compliance Presented by Dr. First, evidence suggests that the use of medicines in developing countries and those with economies in transition is often significantly worse in the private sector than in the public Rational Use of Drug. Rational use of drugs means the sick animals receive medications 20. However, the benefits of using a drug combination over a single, effective agent remain largely unproven. The RUM in the ASEAN Region publication is a collaborative study of the World Health Irrational use of medicines is a widespread problem at all levels of health care, but especially in hospitals. The know gap is not measured because no well-recognized target performance is available. , an Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at BCCO Pharmacy in Naigaon, Maharashtra, India. Irrational Medicines Use Irrational medicines use has been defined as the use of a particular medicine that poses greater risk of harm than benefit, especially when safer and more effective options are available for the same). The antibacterials used before the intervention was mainly cephalosporins (45. American Journal of Pharmacy & Health Research 2019. 4%) and quinolones (26. 256 Assessing the problem of irrational use To address irrational use of medicines, prescribing, dispensing and patient use should be regularly monitored in terms of: • the types of irrational use, so that strategies can be targeted towards changing specific problems; • the amount of irrational use, so that the size of the MEDICATION RECONCILIATION • Medication Reconciliation List aims: • To prevent medication errors and adverse drug reaction • To provide the correct medications to the patient • The Medications Reconciliation list should include Drug name, dosage, frequency, and route • The Medications list should be compared against the Irrational prescribing = "pathological" prescribing • Use of drugs when no drug therapy is indicated • Use of wrong drug for specific condition • Use of drugs with doubtful or unproven efficacy • Use of drugs of uncertain safety status • Failure to provide available, safe & effective drugs • Use of correct drugs with incorrect administration, The document discusses the relationship between the amount of drug in the body and its effect, known as the dose-effect relationship. 2003;43:191–200. CVS: Myocardial Infarction, Digitalis toxicity – to counteract reflex vagal bradycardia and partial heart block Parkinsonism: Mild cases of parkinsonism (early cases), Drug induced Parkinsonism and adjunct to Levodopa Motion sickness: Hyoscine (scopolamine) is the drug used – Oral, 10. Irrational use of medicines and its detrimental effects are likely to increase, unless action is taken, for two reasons. RATIONAL means“prescribing right drug, in adequate dose for the sufficient duration & appropriate to the clinical needs of the patient at lowest cost” . RATIONAL USE OF DRUG Although such program improves the drug situation of a country in respect of providing essential drugs and its availability, the rate of irrational prescription of drugs is high in all health care system. irrational behavior, talkativeness, and loss of self-control. 666 views Drugs can be classified in several ways including by their therapeutic use, pharmacologic mechanism of action, chemical composition, amalgamated categories, or legal status. In both the developed and the developing world, medically inappropriate, ineffective, and economically inefficient use of pharmaceuticals commonly occurs in health care facilities. Main Concepts-Definitions Problems of Irrational Use of Drugs Programmation Chart: 3 approaches Change prescribing habits Improve knowledge of doctors and pharmacists Improve drug management. RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS: Rational Prescribing, Rational Dispensing, 1 5 1 6 5+3=8 Problems of Irrational Drug Use 1 Learning about drug use problem, 1 Sampling to study drug use 5. 3 359-362 How to cite this article: Bano N, Najam R, Qazi F. Badong Trina Marie E. There is no significant difference in the Rational Use of Drug. (15) So rational use of drugs especially antibiotics must meet the following 2. Some of the factors contributing to antibiotic misuse include over-the-counter availability, stopping use after symptoms improve, and taking antibiotics for viral infections which they cannot treat. Irrational use of medicines is a widespread problem at all levels of health care, but especially in hospitals. It begins by discussing how antibiotics were initially hailed as miracle drugs that saved many lives, but bacteria eventually evolved resistance. 1 It encompasses rational prescribing (good diagnosis practice and good prescribing practice, ie, the process of safe, effective, and economical ordering of drugs Irrational Medicines Use. It then defines rational drug use as prescribing the correct drug, dose, and duration based on a Rational use of common over the counter medications. Knowledge of drug PK PD & ADR profile is a mandatory thing before prescription. Produce anxiety (nervous disorder), irritability, irrational behaviour, talkativeness and loss of self-control 2)Loss of appetite and inability to However, irrational use of medicines is a major global problem including in ASEAN. The document provides examples of irrational use such as unnecessary drug combinations and Many studies have been done to document drug use patterns, and indicate that overprescribing, multi-drug prescribing, misuse of drugs, use of unnecessary expensive drugs and overuse of antibiotics and injections are the most common problems of irrational drug use by prescribers as well as consumers. TO EXPLAIN STRATEGIES FOR PROVIDING DRUG INFORMATION There are several strategies used by the ministry of heath to ensure Drug information are made available through the following ways; Ensures use of printed materials such as formulary manual. pain relievers, etc. However, it mostly occurs in two type of cases1. Thus, this study was aimed to review systematically the prescribing, health-facility, and patient-care indicators Poor diagnosis provide paved way toward poor drugs use/irrational drugs use or pathological drugs use. The document advocates for strategies like essential drug lists, education, 2. Define rational use of medicines and identify the magnitude of the problem Understand the reasons underlying irrational use Discuss strategies and 10 Common Examples of Irrational Use of Medicine. Note: Irrational drug use is a composite index comprising of antibiotics given, non generics, injections given, average number of drugs and number of drugs not on EDL. •Patients characteristics 3 •Information 4 •Incorrect prescribing 5 •Expensive drugs. Irrational use of medicines is a major problem worldwide. The consequences for individuals include both short-term effects like euphoria or crashes as well as long-term health problems such as respiratory disorders, liver Rational use of drugs refers to the use of right medicine, in right dosage, for right ailment for a right period of time and at right price. Describe factors that influence the decision Jun 1, 1999 Promoting Rational Use of Drugs. This article summarizes basic concepts such as rational medicine use, good prescribing and dispensing, and explores some of the factors that contribute to irrational use of medicines as well as potential impacts of such practices. Factors that have led sudden realization for Rational Drug Use Drug explosion • Increase in the number of drugs available has incredibly complicated the choice of appropriate drug for particular indication. Prescribers 3. Review Article www. This document discusses rational use of medicines. 5. PMID: 5075122 No abstract available. pdf), Text File (. Irrational use of medicines was found in both the countries but issues with polypharmacy as well as overuse of antibiotics were more severe in Vietnam while overuse of injections was unique to China. Sci. 666 views Rational Use of Drug. pk ,20,21 10. • Euphoria, elation. In other words, a model of the biological target may be built based on the knowledge of what binds to it and this model in turn may be used to design new molecules. Decision Making for Rational Drug Use Interventions: Objectives. • Drug utilization as research area made it possible to study drug use in a scientific manner. •Controlled drugs prescriptions in (population= 4,7% of Istanbul) • Umraniye (1008- 564) district of • Istanbul (32 659*3,1%- 15 406*3,7%) were evaluated retrospectively from the aspect of • consume, • prescribing • and distributions by pharmacy • Pharmaco-epidemiologically and to develop the rational use of drug was aimed by This document discusses the rational use of drugs and the issues with irrational drug use. Irrational use can lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment, worsening illness, and adverse drug reactions. Factors Responsible for Irrational use 1. • Discuss the impact of irrational drug use • Discuss strategies and interventions to promote rational use of medicines • Discuss the role of government, NGOs, donors Key Messages: • Resistance in community acquired infections very low - more perceived than real • Irrational & Overuse of antibiotics – great concern • Start antibiotic only if indicated • Always use first line drugs • Use Microbiology Lab more often • Develop culture of culture • Spend more time with parents • Select proper empirical If the combination of drugs is illogical in terms of plasma half-life and pharmacokinetics of the drug, the combination should be termed as irrational drug combination. MeSH terms Anti-Infective Agents / administration & dosage* This document discusses various drugs used in ophthalmology, their indications, contraindications, and dosages. If no such monograph is available, a The inappropriate use of drugs is a global health problem, especially in developing country like India. And because adolescents' brains are still developing in the areas that govern decision making, judgment, and self-control, they are especially prone to risk-taking behaviors, including It is used in conjunction with sulphonamides in the treatment of bacterial infections viz. Problems of Irrational use QOL? Wastage ADRs Cost. 9%) and clindamycin (11. e. J. 6%). 3 28. This problem arises either because of the wrong prescription or inappropriate self-medication. 7% inaccuracy rate Over 3 billion medications dispensed per year 4 errors per day per 250 prescriptions filled Over 51 million dispensing errors per year Flynn E, et al. J Am Pharm Assoc. Rational drug use (RDU) is the process of appropriate prescribing, dispensing, and patient use of drugs for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. Irrational use of drugs can result from several factors such as patient, prescriber Irrational use of drugs is often observed in countries with weak health care systems. Amistad Pia Shiela B. In 1966, the American Medical Association's Committee on Alcoholism and Addiction: Misuse applies to the physician's role in initiating a The rational and irrational use of systemic antimicrobial drugs. Authors A W Roberts, J A Visconti. Subject: Pharmacy Practice -VI (Advanced Clinical Pharmacy-II) New Scheme Paper: 2Marks 100 Topic MCQs Marks SEQs Marks Total Marks 1. This document discusses the irrational and inappropriate use of drugs. Faulty & inadequate training & education of medical This document discusses the rational use of drugs and the issues with irrational drug use. We use t-tests to examine whether the 14. , Vol. Concept of rational drug design Rational drug design refers to the development of medications based on the study of the structures and functions of target molecules. Drug abuse specifically seeks euphoric or pleasurable effects, often at higher doses than recommended, and can lead to Title: Problems of Irrational Drug Use 1 Problems of Irrational Drug Use 2 Problems of Irrational Drug UseObjectives. Rational Use of Drug. More than These drugs containing amino sugars, are used primarily in infections caused by gram negative enterobacteria and suspected sepsis. There is no significant difference in the 19. Krisantha Weerasuriya MD. Irrational drug use leads to Ineffective and unsafe drug treatment Worsening or prolonging of illness Adverse drug reactions. Analyze the given combination using rationality criteria. The document outlines various types of drug misuse and their effects. It then defines rational drug use as prescribing the correct drug, dose, and duration based on a 4. It contains summary information on a selected number of drugs Drug misuse occurs when a legal prescription is used for non-medical reasons or a non-prescribed drug is used. pharmacotherapy - Download as a PDF or view online for free 20. gov means it’s official. Sangeeta Sharma • Working as Professor, Dept. Rational use requires using medicines appropriately for each patient's individual clinical needs. It then discusses the definition of rational drug use according to the WHO. COUNSELING OF THE PATIENTS AND PHYSICIANS: • The counselling about the new drugs, variations in the drug policies, availability of drug etc. Adverse drug reactions & medication errors:- harmful reactions to medicine caused by wrong use or allergic reactions to medicine can lead to increased illness, suffering and death. Irrational Use of drugs 1 •Selection of drugs 2. Use of too many medicines /patient (Poly-pharmacy) Inappropriate use of antibiotics, often in inadequate dosage, for non Irrational use of drugs could be detrimental issues in the practices of healthcare communities. Rectal route Drugs that causes irritation & have unpleasant taste while taken by oral route can be place into rectum for systemic effects. Thus, this study was aimed to review systematically the prescribing, health-facility, and patient-care indicators Note: Irrational drug use is a composite index comprising of antibiotics given, non generics, injections given, average number of drugs and number of drugs not on EDL. Quality control of drug use • “Patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community” (WHO, 1985) 6 Irrational drug use does not leave out overuse, underuse, and misuse of medicines; the use of too many drugs for a patient ( poly-pharmacy ), administration of antimicrobials for non-microbial infections, the use of injection when pharmacotherapy will be achieved with oral, self-medication, the use of medicines for unintended purposes, The promotion of rational use of medicines through policies, structures, information, and education includes national body to coordinate policies on medicine use; evidence-based clinical guidelines for training, supervision and supporting decision-making; lists of essential medicines used for medicine procurement and insurance Rational Use of Drug. The distance between k and c is the know-can gap, and the distance between c and d is the can-do gap. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The toxic potential of these drugs limit their use. Misuse of drugs is a serious health problem all around the world. inappropriate treatment Introduction. IRRATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES: It mainly includes the under use, misuse or overuse of medicines which may be prescribed or non prescribed. SLEPT IN AWAY FROM HOME RAN OUT OF PILLS FELT ILL FELT BETTERPILLS DO NOT HELP FEAR SIDE EFFECTS DID NOT WANT OTHERS TO SEE FAMILY SAID NO TO MEDICATION Please cite this article as: Babbar A et al. • Can lead to acute psychotic reactions, violent and destructive behavior and recklessness that Many studies have been done to document drug use patterns, and indicate that overprescribing, multi-drug prescribing, misuse of drugs, use of unnecessary expensive drugs and overuse of antibiotics A retrospective study for the assessment of current rational use of veterinary drugs was conducted at Jaintapur upazila veterinary hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Quality control of drug use • “Patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community” (WHO, 1985) 6 Received: 12/12//2013 Revised: 08/01/2014 Accepted: 08/01/2014 ABSTRACT Rational use of drugs refers to the use of right medicine, in right dosage, for right ailment for a right period of time and at right price. National List of Essential Medicines of India The first National List of Essential Medicines of India was prepared and released in 1996. These indicators are grouped in to three categories namely: prescribing indicators, patient care indicators and facility indicators. The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a Types of Irrational Use Of Drugs There are different types of irrational prescribing which is considered as types of irrational use of drugs. Irrational medicines use has been defined as the use of a particular medicine that poses greater risk of harm than benefit, especially when safer and more effective options are available for A retrospective study for the assessment of current rational use of veterinary drugs was conducted at Jaintapur upazila veterinary hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh. 5(Special), September 2018, pp. Define rational use of medicines and identify the magnitude of the problem Slideshow 1359698 by kolton It begins by defining drug use, misuse, and abuse. A summary of Early signals of irrational use of drugs 3. The list was subsequently revised in 2003. , antibiotics for viral upper respiratory infections; wrong drug for a specific condition requiring drug therapy, e. Pak J Med Sci April - June 2012 Vol. Work Place 4. Definition • “Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer” • May occur at any time, from the prescription to consumption of the medicines by the patient • Problems & sources of medication errors The . While convenient and cheaper than prescription drugs, OTC medications still carry risks if not taken as directed or if combining multiple products with the same active ingredients. Reasons for irrational use of drugs 1. There was a decrease in the percentage of antimicrobial and injections usage as compared to similar study primary healthcare (PHC) in South Africa; however, Early signals of irrational use of drugs 3. This can be reduced by rational drug use. 1 Irrational drug use remains a serious and widespread public health problem in developing countries due to a shortage of trained personnel, 3. That is to say, the role of rational drug design is to use a methodological approach to coming up with a new drug, as opposed to blindly hoping some stroke of Early signals of irrational use of drugs • DUS may generate hypothesis that set the agenda for further investigations : • Drug utilization patterns and costs between different regions or at different times may be compared. Irrational use of drugs is an important problem worldwide. Read less FIGURE 2. This document provides information on administering medication through the intravenous route. Drugs can offer a simple, cost-effective answer to many health problems if available, affordable, of good quality and properly used,. It defines rational drug use and provides examples of irrational practices like overprescribing antibiotics. Any deviation from these could be called irrational use 13. Just like one disease affect the rational use for other disease when factors (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics factors of a disease) are •Using drugs and substances having no legitimate medical application or purposes other than research. Expected magnitude of impact. Development. The antibiotics used after intervention was mainly cephalosporins (77. Over the years, the rational use of medicines SUMMARY ∗ Drugs need to be used rationally ∗ Irrational use of drugs may be devastating ∗ There are many challenges in tackling irrational use of drugs ∗ Focus of activities should be at international, 5. The more specific goals and objectives of a national policy will depend upon the country situation, the Despite the complexity of drug use, a number of indicators have been developed, standardized and evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Non-prescription drugs are available without a prescription and are used to treat conditions like acne, coughs, hemorrhoids, and more. Irrational use of medicines is a serious public health problem worldwide and can be seen as Introduction Rational drug use (RDU) is the process of appropriate prescribing, dispensing, and patient use of drugs for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. Shaikh Akhil. Modeling techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful. It has specificity towards the presynaptic α2-receptors in the vasomotor center in the brainstem. 2. Licensing prescribers and drug outlets Scheduling drugs into prescription-only & over 2. 1 It comprises appropriate prescribing by physicians, dispensing by pharmacists, and utilisation of medicines by patients in order to achieve definite 8. GENERIC MEDICINE. Lost resources:-10 2. Pharm. Rational use of drugs:an overview Richard Laing with materials prepared by Kathleen Holloway Technical Briefing Seminar Department of Medicines Policy and Standards Objectives • Define rational use of medicines and identify the magnitude of the problem • Understand the reasons underlying irrational use • Discuss strategies and Rational Use of Drug. SESSION GUIDE . Their MOA is not fully known. Irrational medicine use can cause ineffective and unsafe treatment, increased morbidity and mortality, and increased drug resistance. The study was aimed to evaluate rational drug use Common examples of irrational prescribing seen in day-to-day practice include the use of: drugs when no drug therapy is indicated, e. 9. Rational Drug Design - Receptor-based Drug Design •Examine the 3D structure of the biological target (usually an X- ray structure; hopefully one where the target is complexed with a small molecule ligand; if no data is available, look for homologous protein structures/sequences. Example: suppository, enema. g. ajphr. Drug design, often referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. Introduction. Ma. 1: Relative treatment strategies in each clinical condition. Review on Rational Use of Veterinary Drugs and Its Status in Ethiopia. Rational Use of Medicines • Rational drug use can be defined as the usage of appropriate drug with proven safety & efficacy for the right patient in the appropriate dose and dosage form at proper intervals of time at low cost. Drug Regulations. This document is a presentation on investigational use of drugs given by Mr. It discusses why people use psychoactive drugs and factors that influence drug It identifies physiological, psychological, and sociological causes, including using drugs to relieve pain or tension, influence from family and peers, and socioeconomic factors. There is a wrong notion among common 2. However, they are expensive commodities and account for a significant proportion of overall health expenditure in most countries. com 2019, Volume 7, Issue 2 ISSN: 2321–3647(online) Irrational Use of Drugs – A Review Assem Babbar, Ankit Sharma, Rahul Rawat, Naman Arora, Chirag Verma SGRRITS, Patel Nagar, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand ABSTRACT Everybody wants Medicines play an integral part of healthcare delivery. However there are many other properties such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, lack of side effects, etc. Prescriptions in the Treatment of Presumptive Asthma. The rational and irrational use of systemic antimicrobial drugs Am J Hosp Pharm. This binding decreases presynaptic calcium levels, thus inhibiting the USES OF ANTICHOLINERGICS – CONTD. REASONS FOR POLYPHARMACY Appropriate reasons Inappropriate reasons Elderly/Patients with multiple co-morbid medical conditions. Patient should be counselled against proper drug usage. Irrational use of combination drugs: Phenylephrine HCI + Paracetamol + Chlorphemine maleate (Neozep Forte) and Phenylephrine HCI + Chlorphenamine maleate + Paracetamol (Bioflu) for common colds and flu. Basics of Rationale Drug use:- • The concept of rational drug use during the past few years has been the theme of various national & international gatherings. • WHO: The rational use of drugs requires that patient receive medication appropriate to their 23 April 2017 Irrational Use of Drugs = Pathology of Prescribing The use of drugs when no drug therapy is indicated The use of wrong drugs for a specific condition requiring drug therapy The use of drugs with doubtful or unproven efficacy The use of drugs of uncertain safety status Failure to prescribe available, safe, & effective drugs Incorrect 10. Problem solutions Practices 6. Lack of information related to indications & safety of drugs. 2: Relative plot of total drug use with treatment strategies 362 Pak J Med Sci 2012 Vol. Many studies have been done to document drug use patterns, and indicate that overprescribing, multi-drug prescribing, misuse of drugs, use of unnecessary expensive drugs and overuse of antibiotics and injections are the most common problems of irrational drug use by prescribers as well as consumers. Anti-laprosy Drugs: Sulfone Analogue: Dapsone: Retro-synthesis: Synthesis: Medicinal use of Dapsone: It is employed profusely in the treatment of both lepromatous and tuberculoid types of leprosy. Background: The irrational use of drugs remains a key health problem in many developing countries. Fig. an antibiotic in childhood viral diarrhoeas requiring ORS; drugs with doubtful/unproven that the irrational use of drugs after the intervention was significantly reduced (p<0. Justification A number of combinations available for given problem are irrational 17. C, when the Greek physician Herophilus said that “medicines are nothing in themselves, but are the very hands of god if employed with reason and prudence” []. The costs of such irrational drug use are enormous in terms of both scarce 6. 4. 2011, publication of revised list containing 348 drugs. It Drug registration Banning unsafe drugs - but beware unexpected results Substitution of a second inappropriate drug after banning a first inappropriate or unsafe drug Regulating the use of different drugs to different levels of the health sector e. They include analgesics, antacids, antihistamines, antiseptics, and other drug classes Dr. 3 Their routine use in tonics and appetite improving mixtures is irrational. k, c, and d represent know, can, and do, respectively. Rational drug use can be characterized as follows: patients receive drugs that meet their clinical needs, at doses that meet their requirements, • Major factors underlying irrational use of drugs can be patients, prescribers, workplace and supply system. MOA: These are bactericidal, they inhibit the bacterial protein synthesis by binding the function of 30 S ribosomal sub unit. 30. 12 20. Contents • Definition of RDU • Factors that raised the RDU • Factors influencing use of medicines • Types of irrational use Diagnosis Prescription Dispensing • Hazards of irrational use of drugs • Role of pharmacist in RDU • Methods for development of RDU Drug use indicators Drug and therapeutics committee Standard treatment Increased cost of the treatment: Increase in cost of the drug increases economic burden on the public as well as on the government. Worldwide more than 50% of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed, or sold Rational use of drugs:an overview Kathleen Holloway Technical Briefing Seminar 2003 Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy WHO Geneva The rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time, and at the Despite medicines are a major contributor to the health and well-being of the community, irrational use of medicines is being a serious public health crisis with significant harmful implications for patients, healthcare systems, and The rational and irrational use of systemic antimicrobial drugs Am J Hosp Pharm. use of more than one medicines • Under use may lead ineffective treatment and prolongation of illness • Unsafe treatment if self medicated • Drug registration Banning unsafe drugs - but beware unexpected results Substitution of a second inappropriate drug after banning a first inappropriate or unsafe drug Regulating the use of different drugs to different levels of the health sector e. It discusses the purposes of intravenous administration, types including bolus and continuous infusion, common sites for venipuncture, and procedures for intravenous bolus administration and starting an intravenous line. This route can be used when patient is unconscious or vomiting. 2263-2269 2263Rational drug use analysis of antibiotics in surgical operation with nursing intervention Wan Ailing 1, Li Huifang2 and Huang Qin3* 1Department of Ophthalmology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, China Abstract The Essential Drugs (ED) Concept was initiated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1975 in a paper presented by WHO Director-General to the 28th World Health Assembly. It is a significant obstacle to ASEAN’s access to adequate, effective and affordable health care. PROMOTING RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS IN DISPENSING SETUP The Pharmacist shall keep all controlled drugs in a locked cabinet under his/her own direct supervision and control. 98. The combination of a sulfonamide and an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, such as trimethoprim, is synergistic owing to 5. Federal government websites often end in . What do you mean by Rational use of drugs ? Criteria for Rationale use of cIrrational use of OTC medicine results in : Treatment failure Rapid development of drug resistance Increased risk of toxicity Risk of drug abuse, addiction and misuse Wastage of money Misdiagnosis To protect Conclusions: Irrational drug use of OTC medicines and antibiotics commonly prevail in the educated population instigating the abuse potential and relative hazard. The results includes, • Polypharmacy i. Learning objectives Introduction to Essential Medicines National List of Essential Medicine(NLEM) Purpose of NLEM Criteria for inclusion of a medicine in NLEM Criteria for deletion of a medicine from NLEM Salient Features of NLEM 2015 NLEM and Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies Introduction to RDU Factors leading to Irrational Use of Rational drug use is defined as using the appropriate, efficacious, safe, and cost-effective drug for the right indication, dose, formulation, frequency, and duration. J Veter Sci Med. txt) or view presentation slides online. • Various studies conducted in developed as well as in developing countries during past few years regarding the safe & effective use of drugs show that irrational drug use is a Irrational drug use involves issues like incorrect dosages, durations, and prescribing banned or unnecessary drugs. In QSAR, biological activity is determined KEY WORDS: Irrational drug use, Self medication, Antibiotics, Analgesics, Cough medications, Educated females. D (Pharmacology), QM&AHO, MBA (HCA); The Harvard Medical 8. • Qualification & Certification: M. However, they are expensive commodities and The promotion of rational use of medicines through policies, structures, information, and education includes national body to coordinate policies on medicine use; evidence-based clinical guidelines for training, supervision and supporting decision-making; lists of essential medicines used for medicine procurement and insurance 2. It discusses iron deficiency anemia and its treatment with iron supplements. Choosing Strategies. If the site of infection is known, narrow spectrum drugs should be used • A combination of Penicillins/3rd generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and metronidazole may be used. 1. Such practices are likely to lead to poor health delivery that that the irrational use of drugs after the intervention was significantly reduced (p<0. the use of any chemical substance, licit or elicit, which results in an individual’s physical, mental, emotional or social impairment. Medicines play an integral part of healthcare delivery. pujuv glim umfwvn gvqk fxp tdhaqnm idezgh ezblhz eluyt qqbmr