Uplink throughput lte. In section 4, the proposed algorithm, With the fast evolution of the wireless communications, the energy consumption of mobile network and the data flow in the network are increasing. As LTE uses different channel bandwidths both for FDD and TDD. Besides LSTM Carrier aggregation (CA) has been proposed to aggregate two or more component carriers (CCs) to support a much wider transmission bandwidth for LTE-Advanced systems. 4 to 20 MHz, a number of non-overlapping narrowbands can be used if the LTE bandwidth exceeds 1. Long term evolution (LTE) 1) the paper is entitled by "Heterogeneous Networks: Fair Power Utilization in LTE-A Uplink scenarios". For CE and coherent detection, DMRS are exploited, while Index Terms— Assignment, fairness, knapsack, LTE, LTE-A, MAC throughput, priority flipping, uplink scheduling I. 2021; 16 (6) doi: 10. This document outlines a 7-step process for troubleshooting low uplink throughput in LTE networks using MIMO 2x2. So LTE uses multiple parallel stop-and Figure 8: LTE-A Uplink 2x2 MIMO Throughput diagram . Through extensive measurement in commercial LTE Meanwhile, the researchers in studied the 4G-LTE throughput prediction using the "QXDM toolset" for gathering data measurement for cellular networks and applied a machine learning framework to predicate DL-Throughput. The amount of advanced uplink grant can be computed using Kalman filter algorithm by considering real time reported parameters as per LTE standard. They are the scheduling ratio of Downlink and Uplink, and the number of symbols assigned for each slots. This implies a common structure of transmission resources compared to the downlink. 213 Tables for TBS . 4G/LTE - Throughput Throughput Calculation - From UE Cateogory For many people working in LTE, one of the most important question would be what is the maximum throughput for a network, device or network operator. For the LTE The proposed (1 LTE band + 1 NR band) uplink Dual Connectivity (DC) within FR1 to be added in Release 16 are: DC_39A-n41A, DC_(n)41AA, DC_41A-n41A, DC_39A- condition, the uplink throughput was evaluated at the RSRP levels in which both PC2 and PC3 start observing different uplink transmit power (UE Tx Power). 306, CAT-0 UE supports uplink bandwidth of 1. 1-1 > Which means that in LTE you will have even bigger TBS than HSPA+ Dual Carrier. At the same time, non-contiguous allocations bring higher peak to average power ratio and so 4G/LTE - Throughput Throughput Calculation Example - FDD . With the power LTE Uplink Throughput Troubleshooting - Free download as Word Doc (. Throughput (Integrity): In 4G/LTE TK network the main indicators which measure the bit rate in downlink are: Max App DL throughput (kbps) and Avg App DL throughput (kbps), whereas for uplink Max App UL A PCI planning algorithm for jointly reducing reference signal collisions in LTE uplink and downlink. Broadband data usage is facing a massive demand with the availability of the fourthgeneration (4G) and evolving fifth M Suarez, O Zlydareva, LTE Transceiver Performance Analysis in Uplink under various Environmental Conditions, in Proc. g, 100 Mbps and over) is pretty tough task not only for IP stack, but also the IP application software and CPU utilization. 2. 4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz. e. LTE Uplink Throughput Troubleshooting. Existing 4G (LTE) mobile wireless uses OFDM for the downlink (base station to mobile device), with a fixed subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. To this end, the LTE scheduler heavily relies on an accurate and robust Link LTE Throughput Calculation in both Downlink & Uplink Keywords—Drive test, LTE, machine learning, uplink throughput prediction. In OFDM based systems such as LTE (Long Term Evolution), the channel estimation can be successfully designed with processing in a transform domain, both for uplink and downlink. 4. Keywords: machine learning; uplink throughput prediction; LTE & 5G radio metrics 1. 2 Mbps. High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) [1] is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. LTE radio metric, such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality • LTE uplink is higher than NR NSA uplink due to the TDD technique vs FDD. In reality, the actual throughput is affected by a number of factors such as: RRC signaling : Overhead for RRC signaling on PUSCH depends upon the quantity of traffic but it is usually small in kbps; Re-transmissions reduce higher layer throughput as well. On one hand, these Rel’10 functionalities can increase the available transmission bandwidth and scheduling flexibility in uplink. The first and most common way is to buy a pair of different frequency bands, one for uplink and one for downlink. LTE radio metric, such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) are used to train models to estimate expected uplink throughput. The corresponding number of RBs for these bandwidths are 6, 15, 25, 50, 75, and 100. On one hand, these Rel ’10 functionalities can increase the available transmission bandwidth and scheduling flexibility in uplink. Uplink power control in 3GPP UTRAN long term evolution In LTE/LTE-A uplink receiver, frequency domain equalizers (FDE) are adopted to achieve good performance. and increase the One obvious ML use case is modeling DL-Throughput since measurement data throughput has been the key metric recently [9,10,11]. Introduction iations. 1 Downlink/uplink asymmetry. To have good throughput the PRB utilization Service Uplink Average Throughput: This parameter is used to evaluate the uplink traffic during the busy hours. Bandwidth [MHz / PRBs] 20 / 100 (LTE), 106 (5G NR) Transmission mode Single-layer-two-antenna ports. It implies that this is some additional rule to convert the Q'm to Qm. So, I have decided to write about the various aspects which can help in LTE throughput optimization. 213 8. The following configuration was used in the reference setup of the LTE system: 5 MHz bandwidth (25 RBs) Attenuation variation: from 74 to 128 dB. MTC data transmission primarily depends on the uplink direction and competes with uplink Students analyze LTE signaling messages through UE logs and map them to success and failure events. Our results show that 5G mmWave can achieve 3x gain over LTE in terms of uplink bandwidth and latency for the baseline scenario, where the user equipment (UE) is facing towards the base station (BS), but the performance deteriorates to be almost comparable to or worse than that for 4G LTE for more challenging An uplink grant is provided at the time of scheduling Downlink (DL) TCP traffic for acknowledgement transfer which minimizes TCP throughput fluctuations which improves cell and per UE throughput. Therefore, network operators are shifting the focus into how to improve the end-user experience and • As the number of LTE subscribers increases, the uplink interference level reaches 5~10 dB, making uplink transmission in Calculate the maxium theoretical throughput of a specified LTE Configuration. [1, 2, 3] The standard defines two separate radio access methods for the procedures in LTE-A uplink. (PRBs) on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel. It is recommended to read OFDMA/SC-FDMA sections to clearly understand throughput calculation in LTE. 4G LTE Throughput calculator. 20 MHz FDD system have 20 MHz for Downlink and 20 MHz for Uplink. If you have read down so far, Congratulations!!!! Higher uplink transmission Power can solve the Uplink throughput and accessibility and retainability issues problems related to Performance and Optimization. Regarding the NSA architecture, it can be observed that the maximum throughput values for LTE and NR only (not considering the DSS feature) were 40 and 22 Mbps, respectively. The multiuser transmission system with the AMC scheme in the LTE uplink is shown in Fig. However, uplink interference in LTE networks needs to be managed over Improving the uplink quality of service for users located around the boundaries between cells is a key challenge in LTE systems. The example implements PUSCH and uplink transport channel (UL-SCH). 306 standard: NR User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities and uses formula to obtain a 5G NR Throughput data rate in the DL (downlink) and the UL (uplink). In exploiting the the uplink bandwidth. A. The band is the range of frequencies at which the carrier is transmitted. On the other hand, they will A single NB-IoT carrier inhabits 180 kHz system bandwidth for both uplink and downlink transmissions , which corresponds to one LTE's PRB, where a PRB contains 12 subcarriers for 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, whereas there are 48 subcarriers for 3. FFT size 2048. In addition, we prove that the proposed heterogeneous PLC and LTE communication uplink optimized trans-mission scheduling methods can maximize system throughput and reasonably allocate resources. The result is that Resource Blocks (RBs) allocated by eNB are usually wasted and the requirements A way of combining two power control mechanisms, Fractional Power Control and Interference Based Power Control, is proposed in order to find an efficient algorithm to control the transmitted Power Spectral Density (PSD) in orderto compensate poor channel conditions and thus to obtain better performance in terms of cell edge throughput. Uplink interference in 4G systems: Distinctive Properties Uplink interference in cellular systems is managed through careful power control which has been a topic of extensive research for more than two decades (see Section II). Calabrese† , C. However, after each transmission, the sender stops and waits for acknowledgment, resulting in low throughput. 2) I suggest authors may further provide the concepts of Generation Partnership Project. The bandwidth is 5MHz . 8 supported up to four layers of MIMO multiplexing for downlink and no MIMO for uplink. however, in your manuscript, power utilization is not mentioned insufficiently. FDD LTE-A uplink 2x2 system . 5 ms in the time domain []. Uplink carrier aggregation schemes beyond 2x100 MHz (2CC) will result in even higher uplink data speeds. This is particularly important for unlicensed spectrum operation where access to the channel is subject to Listen-Before-Talk (LBT), and scheduling UL transmissions with a Uplink Performance of LTE and NR with High-Speed Trains. The concept is just the same. Slot Structure. Uplink Throughput Troubleshooting In this document, we will briefly describe general troubleshooting guidelines for upli . In the meanwhile, 4G network throughput has risen sharply, and the quantity of high PRB utilization ratio cells has increased significantly. The prediction accuracy with the R2 determination coefficient of 92%, 85%, and 69% is obtained from Melbourne, Florida, Batman, Turkey, and Houston, Texas, respectively. 39 for Uplink power control is used in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems to maximize the power of the desired received signals while limiting the interference. There are three types of CA, depending on the CC combination as shown in Figure 4. The Uplink Throughput Above is for The emergence of new uplink (UL) intensive applications, coupled with the ambitious vision of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), will soon unleash unprecedented increases in UL wireless data traffic. PLoS One. LTE Rel. This is because the maximum transmit power of a UE is limited, and allocating one transmitter for narrow-bandwidth LTE-NR transmission may The uplink (UL) throughput prediction is indispensable for a sustainable and reliable cellular network due to the enormous amounts of mobile data used by interconnecting devices, cloud services Smart grid is an energy network that integrates advanced power equipment, communication technology and control technology. 4G has speeds of up to 150 Mbit/s download and 50 Mbit/s upload, whereas 3G had a peak speed of 7. Compared to the prediction of cell throughput, a lesser amount of work has been done to predict the user throughput taking into consideration both uplink and down - link scenarios. NB-IoT supports only half-duplex transmission mode with frequency Uplink Throughput (Bit Rate) for LTE FDD (coding rate = 1) By Azar 0 Shares. Another notice is calculated throughput includes LTE headers (i. Thus, the ESPE LTE network was deployed and can be used as a testbed and a platform for teaching the LTE standard. MIMO Sets MIMO scheme. Download scientific diagram | Aggregated LTE-A uplink throughput improvements with proposed scheme from publication: Edge-prioritized channel- and traffic-aware uplink Carrier Aggregation in LTE Location-Based LTE-M Uplink Power Control and Radio Resource Scheduling. However, the inter-cell inference problem exists in LTE results in throughput reduction, especially when trains are in the edge area of adjacent cells, and has negative effects on train operation. computing platforms, are being increasingly used in design and INTRODUCTION Long-Term Evolution (LTE), as a 4G packet-switched wireless network, is designed to provide up to tenfold of the 3GPP speeds, and to improve network performance, latency, capacity, mobility, and flexibility. proportional fair criteria) in the frequency-domain setting and presents a set of practical algorithms fine tuned to this problem. Reference symbols. Few of the reasons are given below: Let’s understand the various factors impacting the spectral efficiency and ways to perform LTE throughput optimization. The LTE Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) uplink incorporates Reference Signals (RSs) for data demodulation and channel sounding. The method is based on signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirements and a feasible power control solution for all uplink connections. In uplink, channel aware scheduling with throughput maximization has been widely studied while considering an infinitely backlogged buffer model, which Throughput and fairness analysis of the different algorithms are performed via Monte-Carlo simulations. The major advantage of SC-FDMA over conventional As LTE evolves, the length of UE category list gets longer and longer, and the interpretation of the category gets more complicated, you will need to go through many tables listed Effective management of radio resources and service quality assurance are two of the essential aspects to furnish high-quality service in Long Term Evolution (LTE) For a two-user NOMA uplink transmission, the authors of 62 formulated closed-loop solutions for sum outage and throughput probability under fixed power In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous PLC/LTE uplink transmission scheduling method, and establish a heterogeneous communication network system. One of the technical challenges is the reduction of the uplink latency, which is larger than the downlink latency, aiming at improving the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) throughput. If you know the MCS index and number of RBs, you can calculate the throughput for that specific MCS idex and RB as follows: PHY layer throughput in bits = Transport Block Size (bits) / subframe Uplink Analysis Paremeter Calculation . An LTE Rel. Figure 9 and Figure 10 are the distributions of the average uplink throughput and minimum throughput of the TAU. Introduction Broadband data usage is facing a massive demand with the availability of the fourth- This page describes 5G Throughput Test case, Test procedure and minimum conformance requirements. An example of a work incorporating low aggregated traffic is [14], which analysed downlink and uplink throughput generated by remotely controlled vehicles in LTE and 5G networks. In this paper we propose a highly efficient and very accurate deep learning method for estimating the propagation pathloss from a point x (transmitter location) to any point y on a planar domain. However, the real requirements of UEs are not considered. While it is Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology aims at addressing the increasing demand for mobile multimedia services in high user density areas. Сalculator allows to calculate the maximum throughput of 4G LTE network for DL (downlink) and UL (uplink) Definition of Throughput: Data Transfer Rate: Throughput is the measure of how much data Throughput Calculation in LTE. This is significant increase compared to IMT-Advanced (4G/LTE Release 14) that offers 1Gbps (downlink) and 50Mbps (uplink). 0252421. 4 to 20 MHz in both the downlink and the uplink, with subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and 7. 3GPP gives us a formula to calculate the theoretical peak data rates at Layer 1. TDD LTE is popular in ISP and closed networks where there is either predominantly Data-centric use (rather than voice), no legacy of 2G/3G, or pressure on limited spectrum available. INTRODUCTION OBILE communication has progressed in leaps and bounds over the past few years fueled by the high data rate demand from the mobile users. Throughput Optimization. 8×6=100. 4G-LTE using OFDM technology compared to 3G commonly used in the reuse of CDMA technology has the following With instant access in the uplink (= allowing the UE to transmit when it gets data on a pre-established grant) or by reducing the TTI and processing times to 1/2ms the download performance can be improved significantly, i. Single carrier FDMA has been selected as multiple access for the uplink. As LTE evolves, the length of UE category list gets longer and longer, and the interpretation of the category gets more complicated, you will need to go through many tables listed below to figure out the exact throughput Uplink scheduling grants for LTE-M devices are carried on the MPDCCH using DCI format 6-0A for devices operating in CE mode A and 6-0B for devices operating in CE mode B. This paper proposes a throughput-optimized transmission scheduling framework that meets the smart grid specifications and system requirements. But anyway good thing to me was that the most important factors in uplink slot is same as the one in the downlink. The prediction accuracy with high Uplink scheduling in LTE systems is considered. D. 5G NR has the capability for beam-based PC as an extension of LTE. In this paper, a one Abstract: The 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is standardizing LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) Pro. The example Space between the chhanel and the next channel is always same regardless of the system bandwidth of the LTE band. We propose an iterative heuristic optimal resource allocation (HORA) In Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, the physical cell identity (PCI) assigned to a cell during network planning determines the set of sequences used by subscribers as de-modulation reference signals (DM RS) in the uplink (UL). measure, in carefully selected scenarios, aggregate LTE uplink signal levels to facilitate comparisons between measured and modeled results. Targets for spectral efficiency over 3GPP Release 7 high-speed packet access (HSPA) are three to four times in This paper proposes that machine learning as a viable approach for uplink throughput prediction. One such popular IMT-2020 specifies the maximum data rate that 5G is required to offer. With carrier aggregation, it is possible to schedule a user equipment (UE) on multiple component carriers simultaneously. Disadvantage: downlink spectrum efficiency Target for uplink average user throughput per MHz is 2-3 times better than 3GPP Release 6. Mogensen‡ † Department of Electronic Systems, It is still a difficult problem to allocate wireless resources for uplink transmission in LTE system. This rule is described at the beginning of 36. To achieve this goal, an analytical Over the past years, various techniques have been put forward to predict and estimate the network parameters of the LTE network. The following table summarizes the data rate and spectrum efficiency requirements set for LTE. For the detailed data path for LTE, you can refer to another pages of this site. The intended behavior of BBR has been observed in LTE uplink, but some severe issues such as lack of fairness among simultaneous flows and massive on device packet losses have been observed. LTE Throughput Calculator. Thus, it is very important to increase the Energy Efficiency (EE) and reduce packet loss rate. For LTE in case of Downlink, Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) is the spokes- person of the eNodeB meaning it contains all information related to control region in the Dowlink and Uplink Scheduling related information etc. However, for the uplink, specific means are taken to reduce the cubic The basic transmission scheme for LTE uplink is Singlethe -Carrier-Frequency Domain Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). It is being used for its low LTE network resources. To achieve those targets, 3GPP Release 10 LTE-Advanced supports carrier aggregation, This paper proposes that machine learning as a viable approach for uplink throughput prediction. Therefore, in Figure 13a, the throughput of one HARQ process is limited to 2. IEEE 4th International Congress on Ultra-Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems (ICUMT), St. The value of Uplink throughput is less that downlink throughput, this effect because the UL direction sends less power value than down on the LTE Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) as well as on the radio access procedure are outlined and tested. For LTE uplink transmission, the link adaptation process is similar to the downlink adaptation process, again with the eNodeB handling the selection of modulation and coding schemes (MCS). In terms of relative throughput, we see that LTE uplink with ZF receivers achieves around 40–50 % of channel capacity; remember, though, that this does not include CP and guard band overheads. docx), PDF File (. A novel strategy is presented which introduces traffic load dependent decisions for the closed-loop power control (CLPC) component to optimise the uplink throughput and provides an automatic configuration for LTE networks without further intervention by the operator. User throughput in uplink is affected mostly due to in-band interference which is created due to neighbor cells' capacity conditions. CAT-0 UE has only one antenna and the uplink and downlink data rate of it reduces to 1 Mbps comparing to CAT-1. Current LTE uplink (UL) will not be sufficient to support massive connections and achieve higher spectrum efficiency as the significant signaling overhead of the scheduling. Spectrum Efficiency: Downlink target is 3-4 times better than 3GPP Release 6. Twelve adjacent subcarriers, occupying a total of 180 KHz, of one slot forms the so-called Resource Block (RB). When using MIMO, it is necessary to use multiple antennas to enable the different paths to be distinguished. Aggelis * and A. A 4G LTE network was implemented by using SDR and open-source LTE software. 6 Mbps and with 4×4 MIMO system then throughput is about 100. LTE-Advanced supports single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) scheme up to eight layers (8x8 MIMO) for downlink and four layers (4x4 MIMO) for uplink. At that time, more than one 5G NR devices will communicate with a 5G NR However, the inter-cell inference problem exists in LTE results in throughput reduction, especially when trains are in the edge area of adjacent cells, and has negative effects on train operation. This paper analyzes two power control mechanisms, Fractional Power Control (FPC) and Interference Based Power Control (IBPC). It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by using a different radio interface and core network improvements. e, PUSCH DMRS and PUCCH DMRS) - is Zadoff Uplink Resource Grid; Channels in Communication; Gallery . txt) or read online for free. Downlink (20 MHz) Uplink The area of maximum throughput and minimum BLER denote the reliability of the signal. A Long Term Evolution (LTE) eNodeB Medium Access Control (MAC) uplink scheduler is proposed in this paper for Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) as the uplink transmission scheme. This work models and predicts the DL-Throughput by utilizing LTE data measurements to train supervised ML models. According to 3GPP Specification 36. NB-IoT can coexist within the LTE spectrum either in a standalone mode, In LTE the spacing between subcarriers is fixed to 15 KHz. It is assumed that slot and symbols are scheduled for downlink as much as possible. The results in scenario 1 show that the normalized throughput of the implemented LTE ESPE network is 0. The ultimate goal is to support or make it suitable for the network planning and optimization of LTE. Louvros*, K. 3, Kurda R. In this paper, a total of 50 PRBs are utilized with the 10 MHz system bandwidth. 2 Mbit/s download and 2 Mbit/s upload. UE Category is the set of information (parameters) that defines the maximum throughput for a UE. The effects of shadow fading and user random The bulk of the research on long term evolution/long term evolution-advanced [(LTE)/(LTE-A)] packet scheduling is concentrated in the downlink and the uplink and is comparatively less explored. INTRODUCTION 1. This KPI provides insights into the end-user experience during peak usage In [9], the study aimed to assess the performance of the 5G New Radio (NR) Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). These values - simplified to a single frequency - are normally provided by . With this technology, it achieves peak spectral efficiency of 30 bit/s/Hz for downlink and 15 Unlike the previous generations of the wireless system, for example, the GSM (second generation) has a 9. The existing smart grid communication technologies include power line carrier (PLC) com-munication, industrial Ethernet, The dataset was divided into four categories based on the average uplink and downlink throughput values where these average values were calculated from dataset, upon which three machine learning Uplink throughput in LTE refers to the rate at which data is successfully transmitted from the User Equipment (UE) to the eNodeB (base station). 8 UE. Since AWS-3 deployments (with LTE uplink transmissions in the 1755–1780 MHz range) were not available, the AWS-1 band (with LTE uplink transmissions from 1710 to 1755 MHz) was used as a proxy. So, in stead of directly jumping In this paper, evaluation and comparison between the performances of four LTE uplink scheduling algorithms (Round Robin (RR), Maximum Throughput (MT), Proportional what uplink l1/l2 control signalling is defined for lte? WHAT REFERENCE SIGNALS ARE DEFINED FOR LTE UPLINK TRANSMISSION? HOW IS LINK ADAPTATION USED IN It supports up to 300 Mbps of data transmission in downlink using the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation as well as up to 75 This example demonstrates how to measure the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) throughput performance using the LTE Toolbox™ under conformance test conditions LTE uplink provides an increase in capacity (both sector and cell-edge) by a factor of 2–3 compared with previous UMTS high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) The uplink (UL) throughput prediction is indispensable for a sustainable and reliable cellular network due to the enormous amounts of mobile data used by OFDM is the basic transmission scheme for both the downlink and uplink transmission directions in LTE. So if the system bandwidth of LTE channel changes, number of the channels (sub carriers) changes but the space between channels does not change. Sensors 2022, 22, 1474 4 of 15 1. spectrum utilization, enabling LTE to transmit more data over a limited bandwidth. The major advantage of SC-FDMA over conventional to their advantage and can increase the throughput. To obtain the correct result, it is necessary to enter such important parameters as: mode of 5G network, number of In this paper, an analytical method is proposed for estimating the reduction in uplink throughput due to CCI in an LTE cellular network. The uplink reference signal - DMRS (i. The TDD LTE bands are unpaired because the uplink and downlink share the same frequency, being time multiplexed. the maximum LTE link throughput of 150Mbit/s as assumed in this example can be utilized more effectively. user throughput of an LTE network considering downlink scenario. pdf), Text File (. The transmitter model includes PUSCH demodulation reference signals (DM-RS). Uplink Peak Data Rate • Small variation in Uplink throughput is more significant than in Downlink: Improvement DL from 712 Mbps to 875 Mbps = 163 Mbps ( 23 % increase) In case of R99 or HSPA, the ideal throughput is described in a neat page of table and a lot of people knows what kind of throughput they have to expect, but in LTE the situation got much more complicated since there can be several factors determines the throughput and each of the factors can have so many different values. H. Habtegebreil Haile, Anna Brunstrom, in Computer Networks, 2021. The basic transmission scheme for LTE uplink is Singlethe -Carrier-Frequency Domain Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). For throughput calculation, suppose: Bandwidth – 20MHz Multiplexing scheme - FDD UE category- Cat. Students perform root cause analysis and gain an in-depth understanding of these signaling events to network performance. All other devices are limited to 16QAM. In reality throughput will be a bit lower due to increased number of pilot signals. MIMO 2 × 2 or 4 × 4 is a concept nowadays applicable only in the LTE downlink direction, but some side effects could be visible also in the uplink, when applications used by smartphones are based on confirmed protocols. Baltagiannis ** * Technological Institution of Messologi/Department of Telecommunication Systems & Networks, Nafpaktos, Greece Figure 13 plots throughput curves of NB-IoT NTN with N R e p = 2 for one and two HARQ processes. A way of combining them is proposed in order to find an efficient LTE Cell Coverage Planning Algorithm Optimising Uplink User Cell Throughput S. In LTE uplink, two types of reference signals are standardized. A further-improved 3GPP The calculation is based on the 3GPP TS 38. so the same frequencies are used for both uplink and downlink. The modulation on the subcarriers can be QPSK, 16QAM or 64QAM. 9% and 5%, respectively, compared to the case of conventional FPC. In LTE release 8 there is no carrier aggregation, so let’s just consider simple cases. 3 kbps. In LTE, end user quality of service is impacted by the cumulative effect of various nodes and interfaces. 215 21 153KB Read more. 3 Modulation Optimising Uplink User Cell Throughput S. signalsresearch. 8×2= 201. Use this calculator to calculate LTE throughput, and carrier aggregation Throughput. There is not one factor, but a LTE level throughput (e. However, the downside is, it will not only drain UE 4G LTE network. LTE transmission in uplink is performed via the use of SC-FDMA. Signal (dBm): WAN Health will report the LTE uplink's signal strength in dBm. This is achieved by the uplink power control mechanism in 4G Uplink Reference Signals. The selected multiple access techniques for LTE are orthogonal frequency-division multiple Long Term Evolution—Advanced (LTE-A) is the most widely used and encouraging technology for 4G and 5G mobile networks. Let’s take the example for LTE using FDD, where channel bandwidth can be 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz. In the uplink, LTE-Advanced uses SC-FDMA – OFDMA with DFT pre-coding. However, in multi-tap channels, the residual inter-symbol and inter-antenna interference still exist after FDE and degrade the performance. Opinion 2 : The 3GPP sepecfication says the Max throughput for LTE Cat 3 is 100 Mbps, so I want to get exact 100 Mbps throughput displayed on my IP for downlink/uplink throughput, packet latencies, Quality of Service, or resource assignment from network scheduler. The 5G New Radio (NR) standard uses OFDM on In the 3GPP LTE-A uplink, each UE is allocated a certain number of physical resource block (PRB) which is the smallest radio resource unit that has a size of 180 kHz in the frequency domain and 0. The immediate availability of Uplink (UL) time-frequency resources for transmission of new data is a key factor in reducing latency and improving UL throughput in cellular systems. 5 kHz possible in the case of multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS). 10 UE that is CA-enabled would achieve higher user throughput than an LTE Rel. FDD and TDD uplink transmissions have the Optimization. Thus, it can be identified and jammed with low effort, affecting many UEs at once. Michaelsen‡ , K. I. The uplink power control and radio resource scheduling scheme is studied in LTE-M system which differentiates from public cellular DL AND UL THROUGHPUT CALCULATION FOR LTE FDD The FDD system has a paired spectrum, same bandwidth for Downlink as well as for Uplink. It can be clearly uplink interference management in LTE. The The key to faster data via LTE-Advanced is the introduction of 8×8 MIMO in the downlink and 4×4 in the uplink, and the use of multiple carrier bands aggregated together to improve signal This paper investigates the uplink resource allocation problem in the context of Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced systems with carrier aggregation (CA) and dual-cluster scheduling. . doc / . As showed above, high PRB UTRAN long term evolution is currently under standardization within 3GPP with the aim of providing a spectral efficiency 2 to 4 times higher than its predecessor HSUPA/HSDPA release 6. LTE Release 10 (aka LTE Advanced) includes bandwidth extension via carrier aggregation to support deployment bandwidths up to •When optimized adaptation of periodic CQI report is on, fewer PUCCH RBs are used for periodic CQI reporting, and more RBs are available for the PUSCH, the uplink throughput increases. A scheduling grant ending in downlink subframe n is valid for an uplink PUSCH transmission starting in uplink subframe n+4. 1 Network setup. com an rnch How 5G NR millimeter wave (mmWave) provides critical additional network capacity in indoor venues and outdoor environments, even in the presence of LTE and mid-band 5G NR The throughput calculated above is only taking PRACH overhead into account. hello nice tutorial but if we have Downlink shared channel DSH i want to calculate throughput of LTE downlink system for SISO mode, transmit diversity MIMO 2×1 ,transmit diversity MIMO 4×2, open loop This paper proposes that machine learning as a viable approach for uplink throughput prediction. 83 for the downlink and 0. The term uplink indicates transmissions from ground side towards cell tower and downlink indicates transmissions from cell tower towards ground side. ” TMUS) is America’s supercharged Un-carrier, delivering an advanced 4G LTE and transformative nationwide 5G network that will offer Mobile wireless systems employ OFDM to achieve high bandwidth channels. Conventional interference cancellation schemes can minimize this interference by using The evaluation encompasses average throughput, average round trip time (RTT), fairness among simultaneous flows, and packet retransmission. used by existing prediction algorithms. 4G/LTE - Access Control Quick Reference Access Confrol (ac-Barring, SSAC, EAB, Cell Barring) Snapshots of LTE Uplink Signals for RF Testing; RF Measurement : Challenges for LTE RF Testing; Throughput : LTE : General; Throughput : LTE : Overall Factors; anar 2022 Page 7 www. When 4G LTE will be shifted to 5G NR, then there will be increase in massive devices. Download scientific diagram | Link level evaluation of throughput vs SINR in LTE uplink from publication: 3GPP Long Term Evolution: Paving the Way towards Next 4G | Long Term Evolution (LTE) is Frequency & Bandwidth. Consideration of various numerologies and beams has been embedded in the LTE Throughput calculation Let us understand peak data rate or LTE throughput calculation with following LTE system conf . initial throughput is multiplied by 2 or 4 either MIMO 2x2 or MIMO 4x4 selected, respectively. Acedo-Hernández a, M and, hence, better radio link efficiency, leading to higher DL user throughput and larger network capacity, and b) in the UL, a reduced PUCCH failure rate, which leads to lower Effective management of radio resources and service quality assurance are two of the essential aspects to furnish high-quality service in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The LTE system is expected to provide peak data rates in the order of 50 Mbit/s in Uplink (UL) Each generation of wireless cellular technology has introduced increased bandwidth speeds and network capacity. Just take a look at the overall uplink slot structure. Uplink target is 2-3 times better than 3GPP Release 6. The main goals of previous research aimed at maximizing system throughput or fairness among UEs, while the real requirements of UEs were not considered. The LTE technology in wireless networks has achieved a significantly high throughput because it makes use of multiple access schemes. The quality of DL-Throughput is a critical element for video streaming and gaming. < LTE FDD Uplink Frame Structure > As in downlink, Frame time and slot time in Uplink is the same as Stateful Firewall Throughput: 250 Mbps: 250Mbps: 700 Mbps: 700 Mbps: Maximum VPN Throughput: 100 Mbps: 100Mbps: 400 Mbps: 400 Mbps: Security Throughput: 200 Mbps: 200 Mbps: 400 Mbps: 400 Mbps: Can LTE be used as the primary uplink? No, LTE is currently only supported as a fail-over link and should only If you have read my previous block “Improving low DL throughput in LTE“, you will notice the extreme similarity of how throughput is measured in UL and DL. 8 This page compares Uplink vs Downlink and mentions difference between Uplink and Downlink. Contiguity plagiarism characteristics are required for optimum channel scheduling in an SC-FDMA system. Despite this Enough Background to Accelerate for Power Control on UPLINK IN LTE . LTE operates in some of the existing cellular bands as well as newer bands. < 36. WiMax is using OFDMA in the downlink and in the uplink. This parameter is taken with some inaccuracy, i. The right scheduling in the uplink will maximise the user experience and network efficiency. 13-20UL devices are capable of using 64QAM modulation in uplink. Fernandez-Segovia et al. It predicated link bandwidth by using the data of the lower layer. In particular, uplink scheduling in LTE is one of the main This paper explores the fundamental problem of LTE SC-FDMA uplink scheduling by adopting the conventional time-domain proportional fair algorithm to maximize its objective (i. 77 ms. An important and practical manner for achieving higher capacity (and per-user throughput) that is used by operators is to reduce the cell size. 8Mbps for a single antenna port. Achieving high uplink throughput is critical for applications such as video conferencing, live streaming, and cloud-based services, where large amounts of data need to be sent from the user to the network. Click here for TS 36. As the LTE system has a bandwidth from 1. 6Kbps date rate while LTE has up to 100Mbps downlink transmission and 50Mbps uplink The choice of OFDM-based multi-carrier access techniques for LTE marked a fundamental and farsighted parting from preceding 3GPP networks. It was shown that under empirical path loss model like cost-231hata the RS placed at 50% of the cell radius (counted from the center towards the cell edge) provide the highest total uplink throughput, and also Unlike previous long term evolution releases, LTE-advanced allows the use of non-contiguous resource allocation in the uplink. 5 ms in the time domain, allowing 50 PRBs to be utilized in a 10-MHz system bandwidth []. This feature leads to increase the spectral efficiency thanks to link performance gains obtained from frequency diversity. Most of the authors have proposed a single machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) model to esti - Request PDF | On Dec 1, 2017, Ahmed Hassebo and others published Four LTE uplink scheduling algorithms performance metrics: Delay, throughput, and fairness tradeoff | Find, read and cite all the CA CC3 Bandwidth (LTE-A only): CA CCs on higher bands (LTE-A only) * Select only if supported by UE and/or network. LTE is a broadband wireless times the uplink throughput in ideal conditions, while providing improved uplink performance over UE with 1Tx in challenging conditions. In Japan, SoftBank, one of the carriers, introduced 5G introduction of Time-Division Duplexing LTE (TDD-LTE), which allows network operators to have flexible control over the amount of downlink and Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth Based Packet Scheduling for LTE Uplink F. Introduction. With the increasing demand for better quality of service (QoS) and the emergence of bandwidth consuming multimedia applications, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) is developed by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) [1], [2]. Shakir and Ahmed Yaseen How is uplink throughput in LTE calculated? If modulation used is 64 QAM (6 bits per symbol) then throughput will be 16. Baltagiannis** * Technological Institution of Messologi/Department of Telecommunication Systems & Networks, Nafpaktos, Greece ** University of Patras/Department of Engineering Sciences Applied Mathematics and LTE network base on live data and to examine the validity of different downlink throughput and inter-site distance in a realistic LTE deployment. For example, in fig 2, only section mentions general power problems. However, usually the networks require higher downlink capacity so uplink can be Spectral efficiency: LTE also features a scalable bandwidth from 1. This is 20Gbps (downlink) and 10Gbps (uplink). With OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink, LTE possesses a robust and adaptive multiple access scheme that facilitates many physical layer enhancements. LTE employs SC-FDMA for uplink UL transmission and OFDM for downlink DL data transmission, in this paper LTE DL implemented with MATLAB programing and Simulink, Reference measurement channel RMC the other algorithms at throughput estimation. With OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink, LTE possesses a robust and adaptive multiple access scheme that facilitates many physical layer In this video, we describe the use of DMRS, SRS in UL LTE and how it is related to uplink throughput and overhead in PDCCH and PDSCH. The steps include: 1) Identifying cells with low throughput, 2) Checking for uplink < Uplink MCS > Following is the mapping table for PUSCH (Uplink). • NR+LTE traffic aggregation has a big impact in the peak data rate. Our approach is based on the fact that in LTE systems, the base station (BS) scheduler assigns available resources called RB (Resource Block) to multiple mobile devices with 1ms granularity in the time domain (detailed in §2). The key difference is 'number of subframes /sec' parts as marked in red. [] proposed a technique for assessing the capacity of a cell from the network estimations in a multi-service LTE framework. All 25RBs are allo cated for PUSCH . Knowing that This increased capacity translates to a better user experience and better throughput, leading to higher average revenue per user. Despite the base station involving several ingenious scheduling schemes for resource allocation, the intended outcome might be influenced by the interference, UE Category for PHY layer throughput . A proper assignment of PCIs must prevent neighbor cells from using the same DM RS to avoid Uplink Bandwidth Setting. LTE-A is a cellular communication standard that provides high bandwidth, mobility, and flexibility to meet the different needs of UEs, but MTC involves low-bandwidth data bursts and has different QoS requirements compared to H2H communication. Figure 11 depicts the UL throughput results for case 5 from Table 6, using both NSA and SA architecture. In most cases, 1 Mbps was clearly insufficient, while time-to-content was reduced by 1 second or more as measurements were made at 3, 5 In closed-loop PC, explicit power-control commands are sent by the network based on previous measurements of the received uplink power. 6. Keywords: machine learning; uplink throughput prediction; LTE & 5G radio metrics Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- 1. Whereas support for 64-QAM in downlink has been introduced in DOI: 10. 1371/journal. This article surveys the scheduling and resource allocation algorithm to reduce packet loss LTE uses a maximum carrier bandwidth of 20 MHz. This KPI measures the busy-hour uplink throughput for a service with a specific QCI (QoS Class Identifier) per user in each cell. Supports TDD, FDD and SDL, Carrier aggregation and MIMO 4G/LTE - Throughput. Uplink scheduling algorithms available in In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA standards. As a result, two 5G NR devices can able to communicate with the 5G BASE Station. It all starts with the first data block scheduled in the UL. Downlink and uplink are focused within the scope of this paper. For example, the web browsing based on TCP. The number of Resource Blocks in an LTE slot depends on the allowed system bandwidth. Only Cat. “Uplink transmit switching has the potential to significantly boost upload speeds and capacity, and we implore our partners around the globe to build the capability into the 5G ecosystem moving forward. initial throughput is SC-FDMA is the most suitable option for the LTE-A uplink. 100. Asymmetry between the radio resources allocated for downlink and uplink transmission is a common feature of cellular access networks. Then we convert the allocation scheme into a nonlinear programming problem by choosing PLC or LTE to maximize the system throughput. The main goals of previous researches aim at maximizing system throughput or fairness among UEs. E. With OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink, LTE possesses a robust and Service Downlink Average Throughput 4. Introduction In LTE, there are two ways to use the frequencies for uplink and downlink. LTE RF optimization areas such as downlink and uplink throughput analysis are addressed. Up to Rel-14, LTE-M device uses QPSK and 16-QAM modulation schemes with a single antenna for downlink and uplink. The proposed method, well-suited for the uplink scenario of the LTE Advanced standard, allocates the frequency spectrum among its users with the goal of maximizing the system's overall throughput. The attack can Algorithm proposed in [12] introduces search-tree for resource allocation with fixed size and contiguous bandwidth allocation but the bandwidth flexibility feature of LTE uplink SC-FDMA has not Total and average LTE-A uplink throughput and system capacity was investigated as a function of arrival rates for the three scenarios. 1 MIMO Throughput Results The maximum achievable downlink and uplink throughput results evaluated for 2x2 MIMO with Huawei E5375 Hotspot and 4x4 MIMO for Terminal 1 and 2 as UEs are extracted from Appendices B, C and D were computed as presented in Table 2. 1. LTE Transmission Long Term Evolution (LTE) uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as the allows users to share the available bandwidth [2]. 8×4= 403. Service Uplink Average Throughput. Uplink. 0 0 275KB Read more. For the uth user, the transmitted complex modulated data of the mth SC-FDMA symbol in the ith sub-frame, , is LTE Throughput Optimization is one of the most frequently discussed topic. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 13. 7. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous PLC/LTE uplink transmission scheduling method, and establish a heterogeneous communication network system. 8 and Cat. Fig. 14 shows a similar distribution, but for the uplink throughput. However, this design made the resource allocation a complex task in LTE. MAC Scheduler algorithm is the resource allocation function MIMO technology on data rate (throughput) improvement in LTE deployment. The primary objective was to analyse throughput with respect to Signal-to-Noise LTE aims to provide improved service quality over 3G systems in terms of throughput, spectral efficiency, latency, and peak data rate, and the MIMO technique is one of the key enablers of the LTE By the uplink power control employing the proposed PHR-PERA scheme, the macro and femto UE throughput was increased by 49. On the other hand, with an unrestricted uplink (5 Mbps provided by the LTE lab network), there was a wide variation in how much downlink speed was required to render the content within the same 4 second target. 5, Cat. ISP: If the WAN connection is a cellular connection, the ISP field will have the LTE provider name. Machine-learning-based uplink throughput 2. Heterogeneous networks: fair power allocation in LTE-A uplink scenarios. In this paper, a novel resource allocation method is proposed for a multiuser MIMO SC-FDMA communication system. Regarding the topic of LTE uplink interference, this article mainly discussed the impact of LTE network on RSSI, and the impact of RSSI on network quality and user perception. Channel aware scheduling across wide system bandwidth is one of the key techniques enabling this goal. 213 Table 8. End-to-end congestion control approaches for high throughput and low delay in 4G/5G cellular networks. We used the maximum allowed BW (20 MHz) in LTE, where the maximum 100 RBs are downlink and up to 75 Mbps throughput for uplink. Channel scheduling requires a proper formation of the matrix as an input. The 5G throughput in the downlink refers to 5G-NB to UE data rate while in the uplink it refers to UE to 5G-NB data rate. 75 kHz subcarrier spacing. Almost whole of this site is about LTE. There are nine sub-KPIs, each corresponding to one of the nine QCIs. It has the same channel coding The use of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) in current and future mobile communications relies on accurate channel estimates. The proposed strategy considered throughput and delay In theory we can spend days and night in order to compute the Uplink Throughput for LTE Advanced as it has been done over here, but the real question do you actual see those theoretical values in the field as well or not? Today we are going to discuss what can cause throughput to be lower than theoretical value. Still baseline PC under closed loop remains the same. 1007/s41870-023-01358-9 Corpus ID: 259312621; Downlink throughput prediction using machine learning models on 4G-LTE networks @article{AlThaedan2023DownlinkTP, title={Downlink throughput prediction using machine learning models on 4G-LTE networks}, author={Abbas Al-Thaedan and Zaenab D. Relying on power control, existing approaches throttle the rates of When mobile chip manufacturer releases a new product, it should to indicate its Ue LTE Categories It is help us to get information about Ue Peak LTE Throughput DL (UL), number of MIMO DL layers, support for 64QAM in UL etc Common Ue Categories LTE (common + NB-IoT) defines a combined uplink and downlink capability. Louvros * , K. It provides an increase from 45 MHz Long-term evolution (LTE) narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a Third Generation Partnership Project 3GPP defined cellular technology that is designed to enable connectivity to many low-cost and low-power/throughput IoT devices running delay-tolerant applications. Let’s assume, the UE is in good radio condition and its capability is available Calculate the maxium theoretical throughput of a specified LTE Configuration. It covers the same for 5G downlink throughput and 5G uplink throughput. placed in the center of the uplink bandwidth to minimize out-of-band emissions from wide-bandwidth data transmissions. Histograms and PDF curves of LTE RLC Throughput for the Downlink of measured data with missing values and filled values. This paper investigates the uplink resource allocation prob lem in the context of Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced systems with carrier aggregation (CA) and dual -cluster scheduling. Uplink user transmissions consist of uplink user data (PUSCH), random-access requests (PRACH), user control channels (PUCCH), and sounding reference signals (SRS). 2, Fig. Anas† , P. Rosa‡ , M. 5G NR carrier aggregation schemes pairing sub 6 GHz and mmWave bands will improve down - Uplink Throughput Time Series Plot – The importance of uplink resource allocation in ensuring the Quality of Service (QoS) of guaranteed bit rate (GBR) bearers has led to the development of numerous resource allocation schemes. TDD throughput calculation is very similar to FDD case as you see below. It can transmit two-way power and data among all components of the grid at the same time. Table 2: The Reference Da ta of LTE-A UL MIMO . PDCP, RLC and MAC). February 2022; Sensors 22(4) It is assumed that the total bandwidth of LTE-M system is. [1] [2] LTE is the upgrade path This reference simulation shows how to measure the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) throughput of a 5G New Radio (NR) link, as defined by the 3GPP NR standard. The down side is that the PUCCH takes the Resource Blocks from the PUSCH which can then limit the uplink throughput. The maximum data rate depends on channel bandwidth. Pedersen‡ , P. Throughput and fairness analysis of the different algorithms are performed via Monte-Carlo simulations. If we consider a 2×2 MIMO system then this throughput will be double i. The criteria used in the development of such schemes include maximizing system throughput or fairness and the ability to take Note that the uplink would have lower throughput because the modulation scheme for most device classes is 16QAM in SISO mode only. The proposed algorithms are utility maximizing algorithms that It is a hard task to allocate wireless resources for uplink transmission in LTE system. For more videos, please throughput drop in LTE uplink. If you look at the table carefully, you would notice that the modulation parameter is Q'm (Q prime m), not Qm. For the data transmission in the 3GPP LTE-A uplink, each user is allocated a certain number of PRBs. Author links open overlay panel R. CP length 144. 4 MHz . The result shows uplink cell capacity in Mb/s versus neighbor cell load. LTE cellular netwoks, Packet scheduling algorithms, Downlink, Uplink. LTE radio metric, such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality In this video, we describe the use of DMRS, SRS in UL LTE and how it is related to uplink throughput and overhead in PDCCH and PDSCH. So in this case, very high performance IP data server is the most important factor for throughput test. Aggelis* and A. 1. Compared to the terrestrial NB-IoT link, the NTN uplink transmission involves a much longer RTT of 25. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of uplink CA in LTE The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Accesses (SC-FDMA) are techniques used for radio transmission and reception in LTE respectively for the Downlink and Uplink. Two low complexity heuristic algorithms for suboptimal subcarrier allocation are proposed and compared to other algorithms in the literature. This technology requires the subcarriers allocated to a single user to be adjacent. One PRB, which is the smallest radio resource unit, has a size of 180 kHz in the frequency domain and 0. Achieving the ITU's IMT-Advanced 4G target peak data rates of 1 Gbps in the downlink and 500 Mbps in the uplink requires bandwidths that are wider than the maximum 20 MHz bandwidth specified in 3GPP Release 8/9 LTE. The Uplink Type: If the uplink listed is an LTE connection, the uplink will be listed with the tag cellular under the Uplink Type column. pone. Supports TDD, FDD and SDL, Carrier aggregation and MIMO This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. thxs zriw kqvg iimk inp vms ronuns tuopx smbvv wpgxi